摘要：?摘要 到目前，我們完成了SQL Server備份還原專題系列八篇月報分享：三種常見的數據庫備份、備份策略的制定、查找備份鏈、數據庫的三種恢復模式與備份之間的關系、利用文件組實現冷熱數據隔離備份方案、如何監控備份還原進度、阿里云RDS SQL自動化遷移上云的一種解決方案以及上個月分享的RDS SDK實現數據庫遷移上阿里云，本期我們分享如何將用戶線下或者ECS上自建實例級別數據庫一鍵遷移上阿里云RDS SQL Server。

摘要

到目前，我們完成了SQL Server備份還原專題系列八篇月報分享：三種常見的數據庫備份、備份策略的制定、查找備份鏈、數據庫的三種恢復模式與備份之間的關系、利用文件組實現冷熱數據隔離備份方案、如何監控備份還原進度、阿里云RDS SQL自動化遷移上云的一種解決方案以及上個月分享的RDS SDK實現數據庫遷移上阿里云，本期我們分享如何將用戶線下或者ECS上自建實例級別數據庫一鍵遷移上阿里云RDS SQL Server。

適用場景

在我們上一個月分享的RDS SDK實現數據庫遷移上阿里云RDS SQL Server方案中，我們實現了如何將用戶線下或者ECS上自建的SQL Server實例中的一個用戶數據庫自動化遷移上云到RDS SQL Server，話句話說，它實現的是數據庫級別的遷移上云方案，即每次遷移上云用戶線下一個數據庫。

但是，有的用戶可能會遇到這樣的場景，我的線下有幾十上百SQL Server實例，每個實例又有幾十上百個數據庫，總共就有成千上萬個數據庫遷移上云。如果是數據庫級別的遷移上云方案顯得力不從心，效率低下。為了解決用戶大批量數據庫遷移上云RDS for SQL Server，簡化上云操作步驟，提高上云效率，實例級別數據庫上云RDS SQL Server是我們迫切需要解決場景。

實現分析

由于在前一個月分享的RDS SDK實現數據庫遷移上阿里云RDS SQL Server中，我們已經實現了單個數據庫遷移上云方法，因此實現實例級別的遷移上云我們可以采用如下方案：

?將用戶線下實例上所有的數據庫全量備份文件上傳到OSS的一個文件夾中

?遍歷OSS上該文件夾所有的數據庫備份文件

?每一個備份文件生成一個遷移上云任務

輸入參數

基于以上的分析，我們的實現方法需要包含如下六個輸入參數，以及這六個輸入參數的解析參見下表：

access_key_id		:???阿里云用戶?access?key?id
access_key_secret	:???阿里云用戶access?key?secret
rds_instance_id	:???RDS?SQL實例ID
oss_endpoint		:???OSS?Endpoint地址
oss_bucket?		:???OSS?Bucket名
directory		????:???用戶數據庫備份文件在OSS上文件夾路徑，如果是根目錄，請傳入“/”

具體實現

準備工作

參見上一個月的月報分享MSSQL · 最佳實踐 · RDS SDK實現數據庫遷移上阿里云RDS SQL Server中的準備工作部分。

代碼實現

在本文，我們使用python版RDS SDK實現數據庫遷移上云RDS SQL Server，當然你也可以使用C#版、Java版等其他版本，詳細的代碼實現如下：

#!/usr/bin/python#?-*-?coding:?utf-8?-*-"""***************************************************************************************
#?Script?name	:?RDSSQLCreateMigrateTasksBatchly.py
#?Author		:?jianming.wjm@alibaba-inc.com
#?Create?Date???:?2018-05-17?19:27
#?Language?		:?Python?2.7.10
#?Run?platform??:?Mac?OS?X?10.12.6

#?Purpose		:?
					This?script?is?for?batchly?Migration?user?offline?SQL?Server?databases?to?alibaba?cloud?RDS?SQL?Server.
					Users'?FULL?backup?files?are?located?on?theirselves'?OSS?Bucket?folder?already.
					This?script?helps?users?to?do?migration?all?offline?databases?backed-up?under?the?OSS?Bucket?folder?to?RDS?SQL.
					We?achieve?those?accomplishments?by?call?alibaba?cloud?RDS?OPENAPI.

#?Limitation	:
	RDS?Edition?:?Support?RDS?edition?listed?below
					'2012','2012_web','2012_std',?'2012_ent',?'2012_std_ha',?'2012_ent_ha',
???					'2014_web','2014_std',?'2014_ent',?'2014_std_ha',?'2014_ent_ha',
???					'2016_web','2016_std',?'2016_ent',?'2016_std_ha',?'2016_ent_ha'

#?Preparation	:
				??1.?python?2.7.x?installing?(I'm?using?2.7.10)
				??2.?pip?install?aliyun-python-sdk-rds
				??3.?pip?install?oss2

#?Usage?		:
	Help?		:?python?RDSSQLCreateMigrateTasksBatchly.py?-h
	Example?	:?
					python?~/Downloads/RDSSQLCreateMigrateTasksBatchly.py?-k??-s??-i??-e??-b??-d?
					
					variables?description
					access_key_id		:	alibaba?cloud?user?access?key?id,?fg:?LTAIKeRvKPRwkaU3
					access_key_secret	:	alibaba?cloud?user?access?key?secret,?fg:?BbZ7xhrertQ0dfgMqfAZPByhnp4G2k
					rds_instance_id		:???RDS?SQL?instance?ID,?fg:?rm-2zesz4564ud8s7123
					oss_endpoint		:???OSS?Endpoint?address,?fg:?oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
					oss_bucket?			:???OSS?Bucket?name,?fg:?atp-test-on-ecs
					directory?			:???Sub?folder?name?under?OSS?Bucket,?fg:?Migration/OPENAPIDemo


#?Output?		:?There?two?sesction?output,?one?is?the?input?variables?and?the?other?is?the?migration?requests?and?response.
*********************Input?variables*************************************

************************************************************************

*********************Migration?requests**********************************

************************************************************************


#?Modify?Author?:?jianming.wjm@alibaba-inc.com
#?Modify?Date???:?2018-05-19?21:43
#?Function:
#**************************************************************************************
"""import?jsonimport?osimport?sys,?getoptimport?reimport?oss2import?timefrom?aliyunsdkcore.client?import?AcsClientfrom?aliyunsdkrds.request.v20140815?import?DescribeMigrateTasksForSQLServerRequestfrom?aliyunsdkrds.request.v20140815?import?CreateMigrateTaskRequestfrom?aliyunsdkrds.request.v20140815?import?DescribeDBInstanceAttributeRequestdef?main(argv):
	access_key_id?=??access_key_secret?=??rds_instance_id?=??oss_endpoint?=??oss_bucket?=??directory?=?''

	#?usage?help
	try:
		opts,?args?=?getopt.getopt(argv,"hk:s:i:e:b:d:",["access_key_id=",?"access_key_secret=",?"rds_instance_id=",?"oss_endpoint=",?"oss_bucket=",?"directory="])	except?getopt.GetoptError:		print?('%s?-k??-s??-i??-e??-b??-d?'?%?(sys.argv[0]))
		sys.exit(2)	for?opt,?arg?in?opts:		if?opt?==?'-h':			print?('%s?-k??-s??-i??-e??-b??-d?'?%?(sys.argv[0]))
			sys.exit()		elif?opt?in?("-k",?"-K",?"--access_key_id"):
			access_key_id?=?arg		elif?opt?in?("-s",?"-S",?"--access_key_secret"):
			access_key_secret?=?arg		elif?opt?in?("-i",?"-I",?"--rds_instance_id"):
			rds_instance_id?=?arg		elif?opt?in?("-e",?"-E",?"--oss_endpoint"):
			oss_endpoint?=?arg		elif?opt?in?("-b",?"-B",?"--oss_bucket"):
			oss_bucket?=?arg		elif?opt?in?("-d",?"-D",?"--directory"):			if?arg.endswith("/"):
				directory?=?arg			else:
				directory?=?str("%s/"?%?arg)	#?show?the?input?parameters
???	print?("\n*********************Input?variables*************************************\n"?\???		"access_key_id?=?%s\naccess_key_secret?=?%s\nrds_instance_id?=?%s\noss_endpoint?=?%s\noss_bucket?=?%s\ndirectory?=?%s\n"?\???		"************************************************************************"
???		%?(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?rds_instance_id,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket,?directory))???	#?check?RDS?&?OSS?region?to?make?sure?they?are?located?in?the?same?region.
???	success,?rds_details?=?rds_instnace_details(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?rds_instance_id)???	if?not?success:???		print?("%s"?%?rds_details)
???		sys.exit()

???	rds_db_version,?rds_engine,?rds_region?=?rds_details["EngineVersion"],?rds_details["Engine"],?rds_details["RegionId"]

???	success,?oss_details?=?oss_bucket_details(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket)???	if?not?success:???		print?("%s"?%?oss_details)
???		sys.exit()

???	oss_region?=?oss_details.location???	#?support?db?version?checking.


???	if?rds_engine?!=?'SQLServer'?\???		or?rds_db_version?not?in?[	'2008r2',?'2012','2012_web','2012_std',?'2012_ent',?'2012_std_ha',?'2012_ent_ha',???									'2014_web','2014_std',?'2014_ent',?'2014_std_ha',?'2014_ent_ha',???									'2016_web','2016_std',?'2016_ent',?'2016_std_ha',?'2016_ent_ha']:
???		print("RDS?engine?doesn't?support,?this?is?only?for?RDS?SQL?Server?engine.")
???		sys.exit()???	#?RDS?&?OSS?Bucket?are?not?under?the?same?region.
???	if?not?oss_region.endswith(rds_region):
???		print("RDS?&?OSS?Bucket?are?not?located?in?the?same?region.")
???		sys.exit()???	#?RDS?&?OSS?Bucket?are?in?the?same?region.
???	print?("\n*********************Migration?requests**********************************")
???	full_migrate(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?rds_instance_id,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket,?directory,?rds_db_version)???	print?("************************************************************************")def?rds_instnace_details(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?rds_instance_id):
	request?=?DescribeDBInstanceAttributeRequest.DescribeDBInstanceAttributeRequest()
	request.set_DBInstanceId(rds_instance_id)
	success,?response?=?_send_request(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?request)	if?success:		if?response["Items"]["DBInstanceAttribute"]:			#?print?response["Items"]["DBInstanceAttribute"][0]["EngineVersion"]
			#?print?response["Items"]["DBInstanceAttribute"][0]["RegionId"]
			return?True,?response["Items"]["DBInstanceAttribute"][0]		else:			return?False,?"Couldn't?find?specify?RDS?[%s]."?%?rds_instance_id	
	
	return?False,?response

def?full_migrate(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?rds_instance_id,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket,?directory,?rds_db_version):
	"""
	this?supoort?full?backup?files?migration.
	"""

	#?get?all?backup?objects?under?sub_folder
	key_parts_list,?do?=?oss_list_objects(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket,?directory),?0

	#?foreach?object
	for?key_parts?in?key_parts_list:		print?("\n--%s.?[%s]?migrate?to?your?RDS:?[%s]?and?the?database?name?will?be:?[%s]."?%?(do,?key_parts.file_key,?rds_instance_id,?key_parts.db_name))
		do?+=?1

		#?print?("%s"?%?key_parts.sign_url)

		request?=?CreateMigrateTaskRequest.CreateMigrateTaskRequest()
		request.set_DBInstanceId(rds_instance_id)
		request.set_DBName(key_parts.db_name)
		request.set_BackupMode("FULL")
		request.set_IsOnlineDB(True)		if?rds_db_version?==?'2008r2':
			request.set_DBName(key_parts.db_name.lower())
			request.set_OSSUrls(key_parts.sign_url)		else:
			request.set_OSSUrls("")
			request.set_OssObjectPositions("%s:%s:%s"?%?(oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket,?key_parts.file_key))?#?OSSEndpoint:OSSBucket:OSSFileKey
			request.set_CheckDBMode("SyncExecuteDBCheck")

		success,?response?=?_send_request(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?request)		if?success:			print?response			print?("--I'm?sleeping?for?2?seconds....")
			time.sleep(2)		else:			print?("OPENAPI?Response?Error?!!!!!?:?%s"?%?response)"""
send?request?to?OPENAPI
and?get?the?response?details
"""def?_send_request(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?request,?region='cn-hangzhou'):
????request.set_accept_format('json')????try:????	#?clt?=?AcsClient(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?'cn-hangzhou')
????	clt?=?AcsClient(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?region)
????????response_str?=?clt.do_action_with_exception(request)
????????response_detail?=?json.loads(response_str)????????return?True,?response_detail????except?Exception?as?e:????????return?False,?eclass?oss_key_parts(object):
????"""
????if?the?whole?object?file?key?looks?like?blow:
????Migration/OPENAPIDemo/TestMigration_FULL_20180518153544.bak
	
	then

	:?param?str?file_key:?OSS?object?file?key.
	:?param?str?sub_folder:?OSS?sub?folder?name,?such?as?Migration/OPENAPIDemo
	:?param?str?file_name:?OSS?object?file?name,?such?as?TestMigration_FULL_20180518153544.bak
????:?param?str?db_name:?database?name,?such?as?'TestMigration'
????:?param?str?bak_type:?backup?type?,?such?as?'FULL'
????:?param?str?date:?backup?date?time,?such?as?'20180518153544'
????:?param?str?ext:?backup?file?extendsion,?such?as?'bak'

????"""
????def?__init__(self):
????	self.file_key?=?''
????	self.sub_folder?=?''
????	self.file_name?=?''
????????self.db_name?=?''
????????self.bak_type?=?''
????????self.date?=?''
????????self.ext?=?''
????????self.sign_url?=?''"""
parse?the?OSS?file?key?string?into?oss?key?parts
and?return?oss_key_parts?object.
"""def?oss_key_parse(file_key):

????key_parts?=?oss_key_parts()????try:????????if?file_key.find('/')?>=?0:
????????????file_key_parts?=?file_key.rsplit('/',?1)????????else:
????????????file_key_parts?=?file_key
????????????file_key_parts?=?['/',?file_key]

????????key_parts.file_key?=?file_key
????????key_parts.sub_folder?=?file_key_parts[0]
????????key_parts.file_name?=?file_key_parts[1]

????????key_list?=?file_key_parts[1].rsplit('_',?2)

????????key_parts.db_name,?\
????????key_parts.bak_type,?\
????????key_parts.date,?\
????????key_parts.ext?=?key_list[0],?\
????????????????????????key_list[1],?\
????????????????????????key_list[2].rsplit('.',?1)[0],?\
????????????????????????key_list[2].rsplit('.',?1)[1]????except?Exception,?e:????????pass

????return?key_partsdef?oss_list_objects(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket,?directory):
	"""
	list?all?OSS?objects?under?the?specified?sub?folder
	and?return?the?objects?list.
	"""
	bucket?=?oss2.Bucket(oss2.Auth(access_key_id,?access_key_secret),?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket)
	key_parts_list?=?[]	#?OSS?Bucket?Root
	if?directory?==?'/':		for?object_info?in?oss2.ObjectIterator(bucket,?delimiter='/'):			if?not?object_info.is_prefix():
				key_part?=?oss_key_parse(object_info.key)				#?get?object?sign_url
				key_part.sign_url?=?bucket.sign_url('GET',?object_info.key,?24?*?3600)				if?key_part.ext?in['bak',?'trn',?'log',?'diff']:
					key_parts_list.append(key_part)				else:					print?("Warning!!!!!,?[%s]?is?not?backup?file,?filtered."?%?(key_part.file_key))	else:		for?i,?object_info?in?enumerate(oss2.ObjectIterator(bucket,?prefix=directory)):			#?have?to?the?backup?files,?not?folder
			if?not?object_info.is_prefix():				if?object_info.key.startswith(directory)?and?object_info.key?!=?directory:					#?print?("%s"?%?(object_info.key))
					key_part?=?oss_key_parse(object_info.key)					
					#?get?object?sign_url
					key_part.sign_url?=?bucket.sign_url('GET',?object_info.key,?24?*?3600)					if?key_part.ext?in['bak',?'trn',?'log',?'diff']:
						key_parts_list.append(key_part)					else:						print?("Warning!!!!!,?[%s]?is?not?a?vaild?backup?file,?filtered."?%?(key_part.file_key))	if?not?key_parts_list:
		print("There?is?no?backup?file?on?OSS?Bucket?[%s]?under?[%s]?folder,?check?please."?%?(oss_bucket,?directory))	return?key_parts_listdef?oss_bucket_details(access_key_id,?access_key_secret,?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket):
	try:
		bucket?=?oss2.Bucket(oss2.Auth(access_key_id,?access_key_secret),?oss_endpoint,?oss_bucket)
		bucket_info?=?bucket.get_bucket_info()		#?print?("bucket?name:%s,?region:?%s"?%?(bucket_info.name,?bucket_info.location))
		return?True,?bucket_info	except?Exception?as?e:		return?False,?eif?__name__?==?'__main__':
????main(sys.argv[1:])

當然，以上代碼，你也可以去下載以上python腳本。

使用方法

我們從以下三個方面簡要介紹下如何使用實例級別一鍵遷移上云：

?查看Help

?一個例子

?輸出結果

查看Help

你只需要使用-h來查看腳本的使用方法：

python?~/Downloads/RDSSQLCreateMigrateTasksBatchly.py?-h
~/Downloads/RDSSQLCreateMigrateTasksBatchly.py?-k??-s??-i??-e??-b??-d?

一個例子

以下是一個具體的例子：

python?~/Downloads/RDSSQLCreateMigrateTasksBatchly.py?-k?LTAIQazXKPRwwErT?-s?BMkIUhroubQOLpOMqfA09IKlqp4G2k?-i?rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5?-e?oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com?-b?atp-test-on-ecs?-d?Migration/OPENAPIDemo

輸出結果

執行以上命令以后的結果輸出，分為兩個部分：

?第一部分輸入參數：展示所有你的輸入參數，以便查詢輸入錯誤

?第二部分提示信息：告訴你，哪一個備份文件會被遷移到哪個實例的哪一個數據庫 如下的一個實例的輸出信息：

*********************Input?variables*************************************
access_key_id?=?LTAIQazXKPRwwErT
access_key_secret?=?BMkIUhroubQOLpOMqfA09IKlqp4G2k
rds_instance_id?=?rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5
oss_endpoint?=?oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
oss_bucket?=?atp-test-on-ecs
directory?=?Migration/OPENAPIDemo/*********************************************************************************************Migration?requests**********************************--0.?[Migration/OPENAPIDemo/TestCollation_FULL_20180523225534.bak]?migrate?to?your?RDS:?[rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5]?and?the?database?name?will?be:?[TestCollation].
{u'DBInstanceId':?u'rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5',?u'BackupMode':?u'FULL',?u'MigrateTaskId':?u'106121',?u'RequestId':?u'67E0DD7F-7219-4F67-AAE7-B27273921303',?u'TaskId':?u'68244691',?u'DBName':?u'TestCollation'}
--I'm?sleeping?for?2?seconds....

--1.?[Migration/OPENAPIDemo/TestMigration_FULL_20180523225534.bak]?migrate?to?your?RDS:?[rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5]?and?the?database?name?will?be:?[TestMigration].
{u'DBInstanceId':?u'rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5',?u'BackupMode':?u'FULL',?u'MigrateTaskId':?u'106122',?u'RequestId':?u'0916CD14-861B-4BF7-A68A-409E3996B0D3',?u'TaskId':?u'68244695',?u'DBName':?u'TestMigration'}
--I'm?sleeping?for?2?seconds....

--2.?[Migration/OPENAPIDemo/testdb_FULL_20180523225534.bak]?migrate?to?your?RDS:?[rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5]?and?the?database?name?will?be:?[testdb].
{u'DBInstanceId':?u'rm-2zesz5774ud8s71i5',?u'BackupMode':?u'FULL',?u'MigrateTaskId':?u'106123',?u'RequestId':?u'5835B154-2EE3-4059-BFC4-6F798CDCE546',?u'TaskId':?u'68244699',?u'DBName':?u'testdb'}
--I'm?sleeping?for?2?seconds....************************************************************************

最后總結

利用本篇文章，我們可以輕松實現用戶線下或者ECS自建的SQL Server實例級別數據庫一鍵遷移上云，以此來極大的提高遷移上云效率，簡化操作，大大提升了用戶遷移上云體驗。

原文鏈接

本文為云棲社區原創內容，未經允許不得轉載。