DS26528收發器的初始化和配置

摘要：本應用筆記描述了如何正確配置DS26524和DS26828 T1、E1和J1收發器，并包含C語言風格范例代碼，可以幫助設計者快速實現基本的系統操作，方便初期軟件開發。

引言

當為一個新設計的電信系統開發軟件時，最棘手的任務莫過于實現基本的設備操作。DS26528收發器的大量功能和多端口操作使軟件開發更趨復雜化。為了方便初期系統開發，Dallas Semiconductor公司提供了C風格范例代碼，它可以在T1或E1模式下初始化設備，軟件開發人員只需針對所需的操作修改代碼，或編寫與特定系統相關的功能。一旦代碼編譯完畢，即可載入系統進行測試與評估。

代碼范例

圖1中所示的范例代碼在稍加修改之后就可以正確編譯以供目標系統使用。'write(address,data)'和'wait(milliseconds)'兩個函數調用過程與系統相關，因此需要根據所用的微處理器編寫。該代碼假定設備被映射到16位的本地總線(地址偏移0x0000)，并且設備的數據總線為8位。對于其他情況，則需要修改代碼或編寫函數調用來解決。此段代碼還包含某些寄存器的多種不同設置，從而為開發人員提供了時鐘頻率、線路編碼等參數的多種選擇。雖然包含了大量的基本功能，但該代碼并不完備。當需要實現其他附加功能時，請參考數據資料。

/*
   Configuration Example For DS26528 running in E1 mode.

   This Example assumes E1 operation so the function call for T1 configuration
   has been commented out. Simply comment out the E1 configuration function
   call and uncomment the T1 configuration function call for T1 operation.

   This file follows C style conventions. However actual code for the function
   calls listed below are implementation specific and need to be added:

   Function Calls: write(address, data), wait(milliseconds)


   The following comments only indicate some of the possible clock sources
   that can be used for either E1 or T1 operation.

   Master clock configuration can use multiples of n = 1, 2, 4, or 8
   MCLK = Must be a n x 2.048 MHz signal for E1 Operation
   MCLK = Must be a n x 1.544 or n x 2.048 MHz signal for T1 Operation

   TCLK = Must be a 2.048 MHz Signal for E1 Operation
   TCLK = Must be a 1.544 MHz signal for T1 Operation
*/

void initialization_main()
{
    /* Global Initialization Begin */

    /* The Global Transceiver Clock Control Register is important for proper */
    /* device operation consult the data sheet for all possible configurations. */
    write(0x00F3, 0x00); // GTCCR, E1 Mode MCLK-2.048, BPFS-2.048, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x01); // GTCCR, E1 Mode MCLK-4.096, BPFS-2.048, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x02); // GTCCR, E1 Mode MCLK-8.192, BPFS-2.048, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x03); // GTCCR, E1 Mode MCLK-16.384, BPFS-2.048, BPREF-RCLK1

    // write(0x00F3, 0x08); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-2.048, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x09); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-4.096, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x0A); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-8.192, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x0B); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-16.384, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1

    // write(0x00F3, 0x0C); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-1.544, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x0D); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-3.088, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x0E); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-6.176, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1
    // write(0x00F3, 0x0F); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-12.352, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-RCLK1

    // write(0x00F3, 0x90); // GTCCR, E1 Mode MCLK-2.048, BPFS-2.048, BPREF-MCLK
    // write(0x00F3, 0x88); // GTCCR, T1 Mode MCLK-2.048, BPFS-1.544, BPREF-MCLK

    /* Wait 1 ms for clock to settle after configuration */
    wait (1);

    /* Configure global Framer multifunction pins, IBO, amd BPCLK. If IBO */
    /* mode is enabled, the RIBOC and TIBOC Framer registers must also be */
    /* configured on a per port basis instead of globally */
    write(0x00F1, 0x00); // GFCR, Set IBO Disabled, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-2.048
    // write(0x00F1, 0x10); // GFCR, Set IBO Disabled, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-4.096
    // write(0x00F1, 0x20); // GFCR, Set IBO Disabled, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-8.192
    // write(0x00F1, 0x30); // GFCR, Set IBO Disabled, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-16.384

    // write(0x00F1, 0x50); // GFCR, Set IBO 2 Devices, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-4.096
    // write(0x00F1, 0xA0); // GFCR, Set IBO 4 Devices, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-8.192
    // write(0x00F1, 0xF0); // GFCR, Set IBO 8 Devices, RFL/RFS/BLK, BPCLK-16.384

    /* Enable Bulk Write to reduce Framer, LIU, and Bert initialization time. */
    write(0x00F0, 0x04); // GTCR1, Enable Global Bulk Write

    /* Perform global LIU, Framer, and BERT software reset */
    write(0x00F5, 0xFF); // GLSRR
    write(0x00F6, 0xFF); // GFSRR
    /* Wait 10 ms for reset to complete */
    wait(10);
    write(0x00F5, 0x00); // GLSRR
    write(0x00F6, 0x00); // GFSRR

    /* Perform individual Receive and Transmit Framer software reset. This */
    /* is not needed when using the Global Reset functions above. */
    // write(0x0080, 0x02); // RMMR
    // write(0x0180, 0x02); // TMMR
    /* wait 10 ms for reset to complete */
    // wait (10);
    // write(0x0080, 0x00); // RMMR
    // write(0x0180, 0x00); // TMMR

    /* Zero All Framer Registers */
    index = 0x0000;
    while(index < 0x00F0)
    {
       write(index, 0x00);
       index++;
    }

    index = 0x0100;
    while(index < 0x01F0)
    {
       write(index, 0x00);
       index++;
    }

    /* Zero All LIU Registers */
    index = 0x1000
    while(index < 0x1020)
    {
       write(index, 0x00);
       index++;
    }

    /* Zero All BERT Registers */
    index = 0x1100;
    while(index < 0x1110)
    {
       write(index, 0x00);
       index++;
    }

    /* Disable Bulk Write at end of initialization */
    write(0x00F0, 0x00); // GTCR1, Disable Global Bulk Write

    /* Initialization Complete */


    /* Configuration Begin */

    e1_configure();

    // t1_configure();

    /* Configuration Complete */
}

void e1_configure()
{
    /* E1 Initialization Begin */

    /* This function assumes all ports are configured identically. Otherwise, */
    /* remove the Global Bulk Write portion and rewrite the function to */
    /* support individual port addressing and identification. */

    /* Enable Bulk Write to reduce Framer and LIU configuration time. */
    write(0x00F0, 0x04); // GTCR1, Enable Global Bulk Write

    write(0x0080, 0x01); // RMMR, Set Receive Framer E1 Mode
    write(0x0180, 0x01); // TMMR, Set Transmit Framer E1 Mode
    write(0x0080, 0x81); // RMMR, Set Receive Framer E1 Mode and Framer Enable
    write(0x0180, 0x81); // TMMR, Set Transmit Framer E1 Mode and Framer Enable

    write(0x0081, 0x60); // RCR1, Set Receive E1 HDB3 (Basic Frame)
    // write(0x0081, 0x68); // RCR1, Set Receive E1 HDB3, CRC4, and CCS (TS 16 Clear)
    // write(0x0081, 0x48); // RCR1, Set Receive E1 HDB3, CRC4, and CAS

    write(0x0084, 0x10); // RIOCR, Set RSYNC Frame Output, RSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0084, 0x11); // RIOCR, Set RSYNC CAS M-Frame Output, RSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0084, 0x13); // RIOCR, Set RSYNC CRC4 M-Frame Output, RSYSCLK-2.048 MHz

    /* Note: In CCS mode, CAS can still be enabled through the SSIEx registers */
    /* Note: All TCR1 E1 configurations have Si bit pass through enabled */
    write(0x0181, 0x04); // TCR1, Set Transmit E1 HDB3 (Basic Frame)
    // write(0x0181, 0x05); // TCR1, Set Transmit E1 HDB3, CRC4, and CCS (TS 16 Clear)
    // write(0x0181, 0x45); // TCR1, Set Transmit E1 HDB3, CRC4, and CAS

    write(0x0184, 0x10); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC Frame Input, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0184, 0x11); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC M-Frame Input, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0184, 0x14); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC Frame Output, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0184, 0x15); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC M-Frame Output, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz

    /* Set the TAF and TNAF registers in E1 Mode Only */
    write(0x164, 0x1B);
    write(0x165, 0x40);

    /* Set the Transmit Signaling registers for E1 Mode */
    write(0x0140, 0x0B); // Set CAS Multiframe Sync Header
    index = 0x0141;
    while(index < 0x0150)
    {
       write(index, 0xDD);
       index++;
    }

    /* Set the Transmit Signaling Insertion Enable registers for E1 Mode */
    // write(0x0118, 0xFF); // SSIE1, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 1-8
    // write(0x0119, 0xFF); // SSIE2, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 9-16
    // write(0x011A, 0xFF); // SSIE3, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 17-24
    // write(0x011B, 0xFF); // SSIE4, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 18-32

    /* Set Framer or Payload Loopback if necessary  */
    // write(0x0083, 0x01); // RCR3, Set Framer Loopback
    // write(0x0083, 0x02); // RCR3, Set Payload Loopback

    /* Complete all Framer register configuration before the next step */
    write(0x0080, 0xC1); // RMMR, Set Receive Framer E1 Mode, Enable, and Init Done
    write(0x0180, 0xC1); // TMMR, Set Transmit Framer E1 Mode, Enable, and Init Done

    /* Configure LIU */
    write(0x1000, 0x00); // LTRCR, E1 Mode, ITU G.775, and Receive JA @ 128 bits
    // write(0x1000, 0x00); // LTRCR, E1 Mode, ETSI 300-233, and Receive JA @ 128 bits

    write(0x1001, 0x00); // LTITSR, E1 Mode 75 ohm w/Transmit Z-Term
    // write(0x1001, 0x31); // LTITSR, E1 Mode 120 ohm w/Transmit Z-Term

    write(0x1007, 0x03); // LRISMR, E1 Mode 75 ohm Long Haul w/Receive Z-Match
    // write(0x1007, 0x33); // LRISMR, E1 Mode 120 ohm Long Haul w/Receive Z-Match
    // write(0x1007, 0x00); // LRISMR, E1 Mode 75 ohm Short Haul w/Receive Z-Match
    // write(0x1007, 0x30); // LRISMR, E1 Mode 120 ohm Short Haul w/Receive Z-Match

    write(0x1002, 0x01); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs
    // write(0x1002, 0x09); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs and Remote Loopback
    // write(0x1002, 0x11); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs and Analog Loopback
    // write(0x1002, 0x21); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs and Local Loopback

    /* Disable Bulk Write at end of configuration */
    write(0x00F0, 0x00); // GTCR1, Disable Global Bulk Write
}

void t1_configure()
{
    /* T1 Initilization Begin */

    /* This function assumes all ports are configured identically. Otherwise, */
    /* remove the Global Bulk Write portion and rewrite the function to */
    /* support individual port addressing and identification. */

    /* Enable Bulk Write to reduce Framer and LIU configuration time. */
    write(0x00F0, 0x04); // GTCR1, Enable Global Bulk Write

    write(0x0080, 0x00); // RMMR, Set Receive Framer T1 Mode
    write(0x0180, 0x00); // TMMR, Set Transmit Framer T1 Mode
    write(0x0080, 0x80); // RMMR, Set Receive Framer T1 Mode and Framer Enable
    write(0x0180, 0x80); // TMMR, Set Transmit Framer T1 Mode and Framer Enable

    write(0x0081, 0xC8); // RCR1, Set Receive T1 B8ZS, ESF, CRC6 Verify
    // write(0x0081, 0xE8); // RCR1, Set Receive T1 B8ZS, D4, Ft & Fs Verify
    // write(0x0081, 0xCC); // RCR1, Set Receive J1 B8ZS, ESF, J-CRC6 Verify
    // write(0x0081, 0x68); // RCR1, Set Receive T1 B8ZS, SLC-96 (Also T1RCR2)

    // write(0x0014, 0x10); // T1RCR2, Set Receive T1, SLC-96

    write(0x0084, 0x10); // RIOCR, Set RSYNC Frame Output, RSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0084, 0x11); // RIOCR, Set RSYNC M-Frame Output, RSYSCLK-2.048 MHz

    /* Note: All TCR1 T1/J1 configurations have SSIEx signaling control enabled */
    write(0x0181, 0x14); // TCR1, Set Transmit T1 B8ZS
    // write(0x0181, 0x94); // TCR1, Set Transmit J1 B8ZS, J-CRC6

    write(0x0183, 0x00); // TCR3, Set Transmit ESF
    // write(0x0183, 0x04); // TCR3, Set Transmit D4 or SLC-96 (Also TCR2)

    // write(0x0182, 0x40); // TCR2, Set Transmit SLC-96

    write(0x0184, 0x10); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC Frame Input, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0184, 0x11); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC M-Frame Input, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0184, 0x14); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC Frame Output, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz
    // write(0x0184, 0x15); // TIOCR, Set TSYNC M-Frame Output, TSYSCLK-2.048 MHz

    /* Set the T1TFDL and T1TSLCx registers in T1 Mode Only */
    write(0x162, 0x1C); // T1TFDL, Source D4 Mode Fs Bits
    write(0x164, 0x00); // T1TSLC1, Source SLC-96 Mode C8-C1 Bits
    write(0x165, 0x10); // T1TSLC2, Source SLC-96 Mode M2-M1, Sp, and C11-C9 Bits
    write(0x166, 0x80); // T1TSLC3, Source SLC-96 Mode Sp, S4-S1, A2-A1, and M3 Bits

    /* Set the Transmit Signaling registers for T1 Mode */
    index = 0x0140;
    while(index < 0x014C)
    {
       write(index, 0xDD);
       index++;
    }

    /* Set the Transmit Signaling Insertion Enable registers for T1 Mode */
    // write(0x0118, 0xFF); // SSIE1, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 1-8
    // write(0x0119, 0xFF); // SSIE2, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 9-16
    // write(0x011A, 0xFF); // SSIE3, Enable Transmit Signaling for channels 17-24

    /* Configure Framer or Payload Loopback */
    // write(0x0083, 0x01); // RCR3, Set Framer Loopback
    // write(0x0083, 0x02); // RCR3, Set Payload Loopback

    /* Complete all Framer register configuration before the next step */
    write(0x0080, 0xC0); // RMMR, Set Receive Framer T1 Mode, Enable, and Init Done
    write(0x0180, 0xC0); // TMMR, Set Transmit Framer T1 Mode, Enable, and Init Done

    /* Configure LIU */
    write(0x1000, 0x02); // LTRCR, T1/J1 Mode, ANSI T1.231, and Receive JA @ 128 bits

    write(0x1001, 0x10); // LTITSR, T1 Mode 100 ohm 0dB CSU w/Transmit Z-Term
    // write(0x1001, 0x20); // LTITSR, J1 Mode 110 ohm 0dB CSU w/Transmit Z-Term

    write(0x1007, 0x13); // LRISMR, T1 Mode 100 ohm Long Haul w/Receive Z-Match
    // write(0x1007, 0x23); // LRISMR, J1 Mode 110 ohm Long Haul w/Receive Z-Match
    // write(0x1007, 0x10); // LRISMR, T1 Mode 100 ohm Short Haul w/Receive Z-Match
    // write(0x1007, 0x20); // LRISMR, J1 Mode 110 ohm Short Haul w/Receive Z-Match

    write(0x1002, 0x01); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs
    // write(0x1002, 0x09); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs and Remote Loopback
    // write(0x1002, 0x11); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs and Analog Loopback
    // write(0x1002, 0x21); // LMCR, Enable Transmit Outputs and Local Loopback

    /* Disable Bulk Write at end of configuration */
    write(0x00F0, 0x00); // GTCR1, Disable Global Bulk Write
}

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