如何用FPGA技術實現基本的視頻信號處理

今天給大俠帶來基于FPGA的數字視頻信號處理器設計，由于篇幅較長，分三篇。今天帶來第三篇，下篇，程序測試與運行。話不多說，上貨。

導讀

圖像是用各種觀測系統以不同形式和手段觀測客觀世界而獲得的，可以直接或間接作用于人眼進而產生視知覺的實體。

隨著電子技術和計算機技術的飛速發展，數字圖像技術近年來得到極大的重視和長足的發展，并在科學研究、工業生產、醫療衛生、通信等方面得到廣泛的應用。

視頻信號由一系列連續的圖像組成。對視頻信號的處理已經成為數字圖像處理領域中重要的一部分。例如機器人模式識別的過程就是一個視頻信號處理的過程，電視制導導彈識別目標就是充分利用視頻信號處理技術不斷判斷目標是否和預先設定目標圖像一致。本篇將講解如何用 FPGA 技術實現基本的視頻信號處理。本篇的例子可以作為各位大俠進行視頻信號處理時的一個參考，也可以在這個基礎上根據需要進行擴展。

第三篇內容摘要：本篇會介紹程序測試與運行，包括測試程序、測試結果以及總結等相關內容。

五、程序測試與運行

由于整個 FPGA 程序包括 3 部分：處于 TOP 的主體程序，控制其他各個部分程序的運行；視頻圖像數據采集程序，從 SAA7113 獲得數字圖像數據并保存到 SRAM 中；SRAM 讀寫程序實現對 SRAM 的數據讀寫。測試程序需要仿真數據的全部流程。

5.1 測試程序

測試程序代碼如下：

`include "timescale.v"moduletst_saa7113(error,dsprst,xreset,saareset,ARDY,ED_O,ED_OEN_O,SRAM_1_EA,SRAM_2_EA,SRAM_1_O_ED,SRAM_2_O_ED);    //內部寄存器    reg reset;    reg clk;//50MHz 時鐘    reg llck;//SAA7113 的時鐘    reg [7:0] vpo;//來自 saa7113 的圖像數據    reg capture;//采集數據標志    reg toggle;//總線切換標志    reg [1:0] rst;        //輸入    input error;    input dsprst,xreset,saareset;    input ARDY;    input [7:0] ED_O;    input ED_OEN_O;    input [18:0] SRAM_1_EA;    input [7:0] SRAM_1_O_ED;    input [18:0] SRAM_2_EA;    input [7:0] SRAM_2_O_ED;        //來自 dsp 的信號    reg CE3_;    reg ARE_;    reg AWE_;    reg [21:2] EA;    reg [7:0] ED_I;        //TO SRAM    reg [7:0] SRAM_1_IN_ED;    reg [7:0] SRAM_2_IN_ED;        //wires    //from saa7113    wire SRAM_CE_;    wire SRAM_OE_;    wire SRAM_WE_;    wire [18:0] la;    wire [7:0] ld;        //FROM DSP    wire CE_SRAM;    wire WE_SRAM;    wire OE_SRAM;    wire [7:0] ED_SRAM;    wire [18:0] EA_SRAM;        //連接各個子程序    LWBSAA7113 L_SAA7113 (                          .reset(reset),                          .clk(clk),                          .llck(llck),                          .vpo(vpo),                          .rst(rst),                          .capture(capture),                          .error(error),                          .SRAM_CE_(SRAM_CE_),                          .SRAM_OE_(SRAM_OE_),                          .SRAM_WE_(SRAM_WE_),                          .la(la),                          .ld(ld)                      );                          LWBDECODE L_DECODE (                        .reset(reset),                        .CE3_(CE3_),                        .ARE_(ARE_),                        .AWE_(AWE_),                        .EA(EA),                        .ED_I(ED_I),                        .ED_O(ED_O),                        .ED_OEN_O(ED_OEN_O),                        .ARDY(ARDY),                        .EA_SRAM(EA_SRAM),                        .ED_SRAM(ED_SRAM),                        .CE_SRAM(CE_SRAM),                        .WE_SRAM(WE_SRAM),                        .OE_SRAM(OE_SRAM),                        .dsprst(dsprst),                        .xreset(xreset),                        .saareset(saareset)                    );                        LWBBUSCHANGE L_BUSCHANGE (                              .EA_SRAM(EA_SRAM),                              .ED_SRAM(ED_SRAM),                              .CE_SRAM(CE_SRAM),                              .WE_SRAM(WE_SRAM),                              .OE_SRAM(OE_SRAM),                              .la(la),                              .ld(ld),                              .SRAM_CE_(SRAM_CE_),                              .SRAM_WE_(SRAM_WE_),                              .SRAM_OE_(SRAM_OE_),                              .SRAM_1_IN_ED(SRAM_1_IN_ED),                              .SRAM_2_IN_ED(SRAM_2_IN_ED),                              .toggle(toggle),                              .SRAM_1_EA(SRAM_1_EA),                              .SRAM_1_O_ED(SRAM_1_O_ED),                              .SRAM_2_EA(SRAM_2_EA),                              .SRAM_2_O_ED(SRAM_2_O_ED)                          );    //產生時鐘信號    always #10 clk=~clk;    always #20 llck = ~llck;    initial        begin            $display("
 status : %t TestBench of saa7113 started! 

",$time);                        //initial value            clk = 0;            #7;            llck =0;                        //reset            reset = 1;                        //dsp 初始化            ARE_ = 1;            AWE_ = 1;            CE3_ = 1;                        //初始化            capture = 0;            toggle = 1;            #2;            reset = 0;            repeat(20) @(posedge clk);            reset = 1'b1; // negate reset                        //dsp 讀取數據內容            SRAM_1_IN_ED = 8'h1d;            SRAM_2_IN_ED = 8'h2d;                       //dsp 地址總線            EA[21:16] = 6'b000000;            EA[15:7] = 9'b000000000;            EA[6:2]= 5'b00001;            #5;            CE3_ = 0;            ARE_ = 0;            //saa7113 輸出內容            capture = 1;            #5;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'haa;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hbb;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hcc;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hdd;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hee;                        //場同步信號            //1            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;//sav                       //2            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;                        //數據開始            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00000000;                        //data            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h01;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h02;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h03;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h04;//Yr--1                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h05;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h06;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h07;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h08;//Yr--2                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h09;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0a;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0b;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0c;//Yr--3                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0d;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0e;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0f;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h10;//Yr--4                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h11;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h12;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h13;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h14;//Yr--5                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h15;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h16;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h17;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h18;//Yr--6                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h19;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1a;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1b;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1c;//Yr--7                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1d;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1e;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1f;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h20;//Yr--8                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h21;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h22;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h23;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h24;//Yr--9                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h25;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h26;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h27;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h28;//Yr--10                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h29;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3a;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3b;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3c;//Yr--11                        //數據結束            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//ff            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b01110000;//end of field 1                        #20;            ARE_ = 1;            capture = 0;            #200;                        //開始切換            toggle = 0;            #100;            ARE_ = 0;                        //開始采集數據            capture = 1;                        //vertical blanking stage            //1            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;//sav                        //2            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00100000;                        //data start            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//begin            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b00000000;                        //data            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h01;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h02;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h03;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h04;//Yr--1                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h05;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h06;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h07;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h08;//Yr--2                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h09;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0a;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0b;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0c;//Yr--3                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0d;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0e;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h0f;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h10;//Yr--4                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h11;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h12;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h13;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h14;//Yr--5                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h15;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h16;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h17;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h18;//Yr--6                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h19;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1a;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1b;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1c;//Yr--7                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1d;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1e;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h1f;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h20;//Yr--8                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h21;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h22;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h23;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h24;//Yr--9                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h25;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h26;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h27;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h28;//Yr--10                        @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h29;//Cb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3a;//Yb            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3b;//Cr            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h3c;//Yr--11                        //數據結束            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'hff;//ff            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'h00;//00            @(posedge llck) vpo = 8'b01110000;//end of field 1            #20;                        //結束數據采集            capture = 0;                        #200;            //測試程序結束            $finish;        endendmodule