在康復治療、運動訓練和健康監測領域，對實時運動追蹤的需求日益增長，這凸顯了對兼具高精度、低功耗和舒適佩戴特性的可穿戴傳感器的迫切需求。摩擦納米發電機（TENGs）通過將生物力學活動直接轉化為電信號，為解決這一需求提供了可行方案，但其應用受限于變形時的機械不穩定性及對有線數據采集的依賴。本文，里斯本大學Helena Alves《 ACS Appl. Electron. Mater》期刊發表名為“Graphene-Based Triboelectric Multi-Sensors for Self-Powered Multimodal Motion Sensing in Smart Textiles”的論文，研究提出一種基于耐用紡織架構的全集成無線摩擦納米發電傳感系統。

該系統采用六枚聚二甲基硅氧烷基傳感器，通過石墨烯納米片（GNP）導電膠增強性能，并經微型藍牙低功耗（BLE）模塊實現多通道實時傳輸。在測試配方中，20%（質量分數）GNP復合材料在反復加載條件下展現出最佳導電性（約15 Ω/□）與穩定信號輸出。集成系統在臺式測試中展現出高達37伏的電壓輸出，并在寬溫度范圍（10–50 °C）內保持穩定性。通過結合可擴展材料、穩健的傳感器設計和低功耗無線通信，本研究為自供電、高保真生物力學監測建立了實用平臺。該方案為臨床康復和日常健康應用領域開發新一代可穿戴系統開辟了新路徑。

2圖文導讀

圖1. (a) Morphology of films with different adhesive-to-graphene ratios, showing increased cracking in formulations with higher GNP content. (b) Sheet resistance of films as a function of GNP concentration, presenting a decreasing trend with increasing GNP content. (c) Step-by-step fabrication process of the triboelectric sensor, detailing material preparation and assembly of the positive and negative layers.

圖2. (a) Schematic and real images of the triboelectric device, illustrating the positive (textile) and negative (PDMS) layers, as well as the vertical separation working mode, highlighting charge generation and current flow. (b) Output voltage at 3 Hz under forces ranging from 5 to 40 N, demonstrating an amplitude increase with applied force. (c) Output voltage as a function of active area and connection configuration, showing higher output for larger areas and connections along the longest side (black) compared to the shortest side (red). (d) Output voltage variation with temperature, showing a decrease from 90 to 70 V. (e) Output voltage response to relative humidity (RH), remaining stable up to 45% RH before significantly decreasing at higher levels. (f) Reversible effect of RH on output voltage over multiple humidity levels.

圖3. (a) Diagram of the sensor-integrated shirt, showing triboelectric sensor placement (green, orange, blue), conductive paths, and communication module location. (b) Interior view of the shirt highlighting conductive connections and sensor deposition sites. (c) Exterior view of the sleeve with the negative sensor components marked in orange. (d) Circuit diagram of the communication module, showing the signal conditioning stage (blue) with impedance matching and noise reduction, and the wireless module (green) with Bluetooth Low Energy capabilities.

圖4. Illustration of biomechanical motion and associated signal responses from three sensor channels, elbow (green), armpit (orange), and wrist/hip (blue), for different body movements: (a) elbow elevation with a flexed arm, (b) arm elevation (jumping jack motion), (c) arm flexion away from the torso, and (d) arm flexion against the torso.

3小結

綜上所述，本研究成功開發出一種可穿戴式多傳感器摩擦電系統，能夠實現多關節的實時運動追蹤。通過將基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）的摩擦電層與石墨烯增強型導電粘合劑集成，該系統在電性能、柔韌性和耐久性之間實現了穩健平衡。優化的Gr20配方在保持柔韌性的同時實現了低面電阻（約15 Ω/□），臺式測試證實其在40 N施加負載下可輸出高達37 V的電壓。該系統通過定制信號調理電路，實現了六個傳感通道的穩定無線傳輸。盡管紡織集成配置中觀察到信號衰減現象（特定布局下衰減達60%），系統性分析揭示了根本原因，并提出電極幾何優化與封裝技術等實用緩解策略。值得注意的是，該裝置不僅作為高保真運動傳感器運作，更展現出能量采集能力——在10 N負載下實現約7μW功率輸出，為自維持運行開辟了路徑。這些突破性進展共同彰顯了石墨烯基摩擦電系統在可穿戴醫療、康復治療及人機交互領域的應用潛力。其可擴展設計為未來智能紡織品提供了多功能平臺，為實現自主、節能的生物力學監測開辟了新路徑。

文獻：

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01519

來源：材料分析與應用